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The fearful men were physiologically aroused pregnancy freebies discount 2.5mg provera fast delivery, while the men in the control group were not womens health imaging generic provera 5 mg. And according to this theory menstrual back pain cheap provera 2.5 mg overnight delivery, arousal is an important component of love or attraction womens health 2015 calendar provera 10 mg discount. Now, of course, if the men (most of them heterosexuals) had been approached by an elderly man or a child, their responses would probably have been different. In fact, when the interviewer in the experiment was male, the effects discussed above did not occur. Society tells us what the appropriate objects of our love, attraction, or liking are. In other words, we know for what kinds of people it is appropriate to have feelings of love or liking. For these men, feelings toward an attractive woman could reasonably be labeled "love" or "attraction. The physical arousal that is important for love need not always be produced by unpleasant or frightening situations. Pleasant stimuli, such as sexual arousal or praise from the other person, may produce arousal and feelings of love. Sexual arousal is one method of producing a state of physiological arousal, and it is one that our culture has taught us to label as "love. On the other hand, this phenomenon may lead us to confuse love with lust, an all-too-common error. Cross-Cultural Research In the past three decades, researchers have studied people from various ethnic or cultural groups to see whether attraction, intimacy, and love are experienced in the same way outside the United States. Three topics that have been studied are the impact of culture on how people view love, on whom people fall in love with, and on the importance of love in decisions to marry. Cultural Values and the Meaning of Love Cross-cultural psychologists have identified two dimensions on which cultures vary (Hatfield & Rapson, 1993a). Individualistic cultures, like those of the United States, Canada, and the western European countries, tend to emphasize individual goals over group and societal goals and interests. Collectivist cultures, like those of China, Africa, and the southeast Asian countries, emphasize group and collective goals over personal ones. Several specific traits have been identified that differentiate these two types of societies (Triandis et al. In individualistic cultures, behavior is regulated by individual attitudes and cost-benefit considerations, and emotional detachment from the group is accepted. In collectivist cultures, the self is defined by its group membership, behavior is regulated by group norms, and attachment to and harmony within the group are valued. Individuals select mates on the basis of such characteristics as physical attractiveness, similarity (compatibility), and wealth or resources. In Chinese society, by contrast, marriages are arranged, and the primary criterion is that the two families be of similar status. Many Western cultures view each person as independent, and value individuality and uniqueness. Many other cultures view the person as interdependent with those around him or her. In a study of university students in Toronto, representing four ethnocultural groups, students from Asian backgrounds were more likely to view love as companionate, as friendship, in contrast to those from English and Irish backgrounds (Dion & Dion, 1993a). This tendency is consistent with the collectivist orientation of Asian cultures (Figure 7). In another study, Mexican American students were found to be similar to American students of European background in the emphasis they placed on trust and communication/sharing as components of romantic love, but they placed greater emphasis on mutual respect (Castaneda, 1993). Figure 7 Whether a culture is individualistic or collectivist determines its views on love and marriage. In the United States, an individualistic culture, individuals choose each other and marry for love. In India, a collectivist culture, marriages are traditionally arranged by family members. The sample included people from 4 cultures in Africa, 8 in Asia, and 4 in eastern Europe, in addition to 12 western European and 4 North American ones. Each respondent was given a list of 18 characteristics a person might value in a potential mate and asked to rate how important each was to him or her personally.
Monitoring and Managing Potential Complications · Assess for and immediately report signs of possible vasospasm breast cancer vs prostate cancer order provera with american express, which may occur several days after surgery or on the initiation of treatment (intensified headaches women's health and birth control buy provera in united states online, decreased level of responsiveness menstruation while breastfeeding cheap 2.5mg provera with mastercard, or evidence of aphasia or partial paralysis) pregnancy 28 weeks order cheap provera line. Administer antiseizure medications as prescribed (phenytoin [Dilantin] is medication of choice). Report symptoms immediately: acute hydrocephalus is characterized by sudden stupor or coma; subacute or delayed is characterized by gradual onset of drowsiness, behavioral changes, and ataxic gait. Aneurysm, Intracranial 61 A Symptoms include sudden severe headache, nausea, vomiting, decreased level of consciousness, and neurologic deficit. Identify the causes of intracranial hemorrhage, its possible consequences, and the medical or surgical treatments that are implemented. Discuss the importance of interventions taken to prevent and detect complications (eg, aneurysm precautions, close monitoring of patient). Continuing Care Urge patient and family to follow recommendations to prevent further complications and to schedule and keep followup appointments. Refer for home care if warranted, and encourage health promotion and screening practices. Evaluation Expected Patient Outcomes · Demonstrates intact neurologic status and normal vital signs and respiratory patterns · Demonstrates normal sensory perceptions · Exhibits reduced anxiety level · Is free of complications For more information, see Chapter 62 in Smeltzer, S. A 62 Angina Pectoris Angina Pectoris Angina pectoris is a clinical syndrome characterized by paroxysms of pain or a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest. The cause is insufficient coronary blood flow, resulting in an inadequate supply of oxygen to meet the myocardial demand. Angina is usually a result of atherosclerotic heart disease and is associated with a significant obstruction of a major coronary artery. Factors affecting anginal pain are physical exertion, exposure to cold, eating a heavy meal, or stress or any emotion-provoking situation that increases blood pressure, heart rate, and myocardial workload. Clinical Manifestations · Pain varies from a feeling of indigestion to a choking or heavy sensation in the upper chest ranging from discomfort to agonizing pain. Gerontologic Considerations the elderly person with angina may not exhibit the typical pain profile because of the diminished responses of neurotransmitters that occur with aging. Elderly patients should be encouraged to Angina Pectoris 63 A recognize their chest painlike symptom (eg, weakness) as an indication that they should rest or take prescribed medications. Medically, these objectives are met through pharmacologic therapy and control of risk factors. Alternatively, reperfusion procedures may be used to restore the blood supply to the myocardium. Planning and Goals Goals include immediate and appropriate treatment when angina occurs, prevention of angina, reduction of anxiety, awareness of the disease process and understanding of the prescribed care, adherence to the self-care program, and absence of complications. Explain importance of following prescribed directives for the ambulatory patient at home. Balancing activity and rest is an important aspect of the educational plan for the patient and family. Evaluation Expected Patient Outcomes · Reports that pain is relieved promptly · Reports decreased anxiety · Understands ways to avoid complications and demonstrates freedom from complications · Complies with self-care program For more information, see Chapter 28 in Smeltzer, S. Aortic Insufficiency (Regurgitation) Aortic regurgitation is the flow of blood back into the left ventricle from the aorta during diastole. It may be caused by inflammatory lesions that deform the leaflets of the aortic valve, preventing them from completely closing the aortic valve orifice, or result from infective or rheumatic endocarditis, congenital abnormalities, diseases such as syphilis, a dissecting aneurysm that causes dilation or tearing of the ascending aorta, blunt chest trauma, or deterioration of an aortic valve replacement. Medical and Surgical Management · Advise patient to avoid physical exertion, competitive sports, and isometric exercise. Surgery is recommended for any patient with left ventricular hypertrophy, regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. Nursing Management See "Preoperative and Postoperative Nursing Management" in Chapter P for additional information. A 68 Aortic Stenosis Aortic Stenosis Aortic valve stenosis is the narrowing of the orifice between the left ventricle and the aorta.
Prednisone is not recommended in this case as this treatment can mask the symptoms of chronic arthritis womens health running buy generic provera 10 mg online. Reactive arthritis is a clinical diagnosis based on the presence of oligoarticular arthritis women's health specialists purchase provera online, usually of the lower extremities pregnancy 10 weeks discount provera online master card, and exclusion of other types of arthritis menstruation 2 weeks long buy provera on line, such as septic arthritis, Lyme arthritis, acute rheumatic fever, trauma, neoplasm and osteomyelitis. Reactive arthritis is usually asymmetric and affects large joints such as the knee, hip, and ankle. Reactive arthritis is commonly associated with sexually transmitted diseases such asChlamydia and gonorrhea. All patients with a history of sexual activity and arthritis should be screened for these diseases. Reactive arthritis is also associated with other genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and upper respiratory infections. After 6 weeks, the arthritis is considered chronic and a rheumatology referral for possible autoimmune disease should be considered. Treatment of reactive arthritis is supportive, with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Item C173) and with a conservative approach, such as rest and cold therapy. On physical examination, the girl is tender over the right ulnar mid shaft with limited pronation and supination. Examination of the elbow after an acute injury should include inspection for deformity, swelling, bruising, and evaluation of motion. The medial border of the ulna should be perfectly straight on lateral radiography; curvature suggests plastic deformity, bowing of the bone on radiographs without evidence of cortical dysfunction. Similar to greenstick fractures, plastic deformity is only seen in pediatric patients because of the increased flexibility of young bones. The presence of an ulnar deformity with limited pronation and supination raises concern for a Monteggia lesion-fracture or deformation of the ulna associated with a radiocapitellar dislocation. Although Monteggia lesions are rare, failure to diagnose this condition can lead to subsequent disability. Therefore, any patient with a midshaft or proximal ulnar injury, even patients with plastic deformity or mild greenstick fracture, should undergo dedicated elbow radiography to examine the radiocapitellar joint. Item C174 shows a greenstick fracture of the ulna with an associated radiocapitellar dislocation. The most common is a type 1 injury, with fracture of the proximal or midshaft of the ulna and associated anterior dislocation of the radial head. Monteggia injuries represent fewer than 1% of pediatric fractures and typically occur in children younger than 12 years. A Monteggia lesion identified within 3 weeks of injury often can be treated with closed reduction. Monteggia lesions with delayed diagnosis and fracture healing, or those unsuccessfully treated by closed reduction, require open reduction with ulnar osteotomy to restore normal radiocapitellar joint anatomy. Elbow dislocations at the ulnar-trochlear joint are rare in children, with the incidence rising during adolescence. When an elbow dislocation is suspected, radiographs should always be obtained before performing a reduction maneuver, both to confirm the diagnosis and to look for associated fractures. For the girl in the vignette, a return to sports without imaging to evaluate the elbow and immobilization for the ulnar deformity would not be appropriate. Magnetic resonance imaging is not indicated because a Monteggia lesion, if present, should be visible on plain radiography. Cast immobilization of the wrist and forearm would be appropriate if no radiocapitellar disruption is seen on elbow radiography. The patient should have close follow-up because of the risk for radiocapitellar dislocation in the first few weeks after injury. If a Monteggia lesion is seen on radiography, referral to orthopedic surgery would be indicated. Because the girl in the vignette was injured only 2 days before presentation, the appropriate first step would be to attempt closed reduction under sedation. Informed assent considers the age and maturity of the child, his/her psychological state, and the nature of the proposed research. Informed dissent occurs when the child decides not to participate in research after having the research protocol and processes explained. Informed consent is the process by which full disclosure of research information (Item C175) is discussed with the parent or guardian in nonscientific language, with the opportunity for questions and clarification. This process should be conducted in a noncoercive setting and in a manner such that the parent can comfortably make an informed decision about enrolling the child in the research protocol.
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Epididymis A highly coiled tube located on the edge of the testes; where sperm mature breast cancer detection buy provera canada. Episiotomy An incision made in the skin just behind the vagina women's health center trumbull ct provera 5mg without prescription, allowing the baby to be delivered more easily menopause brain fog generic provera 10 mg otc. Equity theory A theory stating that people mentally calculate the benefits and costs for them in a relationship; their behavior is then affected by whether they feel there is equity or inequity women's health new zealand magazine generic provera 10 mg with visa, and they will act to restore equity if there is inequity. Erogenous zones Areas of the body that are particularly sensitive to sexual stimulation. Erotica Sexually arousing material that is not degrading to women, men, or children. Estrogens the group of "female" sex hormones secreted by the ovaries in females (and present at lower levels in males). Ethnography A research method used to provide a description of a human group, a social setting, or a society. Evolution A theory that all living things have acquired their present forms through gradual changes in their genetic endowment over successive generations. Evolutionary psychology the study of psychological mechanisms that have been shaped by natural selection. Excitement the first stage of sexual response, during which erection in males and vaginal lubrication in females occur. A person who derives sexual gratification from exposing his genitals to an unsuspecting person. Experiment A type of research study in which one variable (the independent variable) is manipulated by the experimenter while all other factors are held constant; the researcher can then study the effects of the independent variable on some measured variable (the dependent variable); the researcher is permitted to make causal inferences about the effects of the independent variable on the dependent variable. Failure rate the pregnancy rate occurring using a particular contraceptive method; the percentage of women who will be pregnant after a year of use of the method. Fallopian tubes the tubes extending from the uterus to the ovary; also called the oviducts. Female impersonator A man who dresses up as a woman as part of a job in entertainment. Female orgasmic disorder A sexual disorder in which the woman is unable to have an orgasm. Fertility cult A form of nature religion in which the fertility of the soil is encouraged through various forms of ritual magic, often including ritual sexual intercourse. Fighting fair A set of rules designed to make arguments constructive rather than destructive. First-stage labor the beginning of labor, during which there are regular contractions of the uterus; the stage lasts until the cervix is dilated 8 centimeters (3 inches). Fluctuating asymmetry Asymmetry of bilateral features that are on average symmetrical in the population. Follicular phase the first phase of the menstrual cycle, beginning just after menstruation, during which an egg matures in preparation for ovulation. Foreskin A layer of skin covering the glans or tip of the penis in an uncircumcised male; also called the prepuce. Fornication the term for sex by unmarried persons and, more generally, all immoral sexual behavior. Friends with benefits A situation in which two people who are friends (not romantic partners) occasionally have sex with each other. Fuck buddy Refers to a partner with whom one regularly engages in sexual activity but not other types of activity and is not a friend. Gender binary the classification of people into one of two categories, male or female. Gender role A set of norms, or culturally defined expectations, that define how people of one gender ought to behave. Gender-segregated social organization A form of social organization in which males play and associate with other males, and females play and associate with other females; that is, the genders are separate from each other. Genital herpes A sexually transmitted disease, the symptoms of which are small, painful bumps or blisters on the genitals. Gigolo A male who provides companionship and sexual gratification on a continuing basis to a woman in exchange for money. Gonorrhea A sexually transmitted infection that usually causes symptoms of a puslike discharge and painful, burning urination in males but is frequently asymptomatic in females.
